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69制片厂制作传媒淲e will forever feel blessed to have shared a legacy and love with our dear cousin,69制片厂制作传媒� said Allison (Pat) Ragan, Giovanni69制片厂制作传媒檚 cousin, in a statement on behalf of the family.

The author of more than 25 books, Giovanni was a born confessor and performer whom fans came to know well from her work, readings and other live appearances and her years on the faculty of Virginia Tech, among other schools. Poetry collections such as 69制片厂制作传媒淏lack Judgement69制片厂制作传媒� and 69制片厂制作传媒淏lack Feeling Black Talk69制片厂制作传媒� sold thousands of copies, led to invitations from 69制片厂制作传媒淭he Tonight Show69制片厂制作传媒� and other television programs and made her popular enough to fill a 3,000-seat concert hall at Lincoln Center for a celebration of her 30th birthday.

In poetry, prose and the spoken word, she told her story. She looked back on her childhood in Tennessee and Ohio, championed the Black Power movement, addressed her battles with lung cancer, paid tribute to heroes from Nina Simone to Angela Davis and reflected on such personal passions as food, romance, family and rocketing into space 69制片厂制作传媒� a journey she believed Black women uniquely qualified for, if only because of how much they had already survived. She also edited a groundbreaking anthology of Black women poets, 69制片厂制作传媒淣ight Comes Softly,69制片厂制作传媒� and helped found a publishing cooperative that promoted works by Gwendolyn Brooks and Margaret Walker among others.

For a time, she was called 69制片厂制作传媒淭he Princess of Black Poetry.69制片厂制作传媒�

69制片厂制作传媒淎ll I know is the she is the most cowardly, bravest, least understanding, most sensitive, slowest to anger, most quixotic, lyingest, most honest woman I know,69制片厂制作传媒� her friend Barbara Crosby wrote in the introduction to 69制片厂制作传媒淭he Prosaic Soul of Nikki Giovanni,69制片厂制作传媒� an anthology of nonfiction prose published in 2003. 69制片厂制作传媒淭o love her is to love contradiction and conflict. To know her is to never understand but to be sure that all is life.69制片厂制作传媒�

Giovanni's admirers ranged from James Baldwin to Teena Marie, who name-checked her on the dance hit 69制片厂制作传媒淪quare Biz,69制片厂制作传媒� to Oprah Winfrey, who invited the poet to her 69制片厂制作传媒淟iving Legends69制片厂制作传媒� summit in 2005, when other guests of honor included Rosa Parks and Toni Morrison. Giovanni was a National Book Award finalist in 1973 for a prose work about her life, 69制片厂制作传媒淕emini.69制片厂制作传媒� She also received a Grammy nomination for the spoken word album 69制片厂制作传媒淭he Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection.69制片厂制作传媒�

In January 2009, at the request of NPR, she wrote a poem about the incoming president, Barack Obama:

"I'll walk the streets

And knock on doors

Share with the folks:

Not my dreams but yours

I'll talk with the people

I'll listen and learn

I'll make the butter

Then clean the churn"

Giovanni had a son, Thomas Watson Giovanni, in 1969. She never married the father, because, she told Ebony magazine, 69制片厂制作传媒淚 didn69制片厂制作传媒檛 want to get married, and I could afford not to get married.69制片厂制作传媒� Over the latter part of her life she lived with her partner, Fowler, a fellow faculty member at Virginia Tech.

She was born Yolande Cornelia Giovanni Jr. in Knoxville, Tennessee, and was soon called 69制片厂制作传媒淣ikki69制片厂制作传媒� by her older sister. She was 4 when her family moved to Ohio and eventually settled in the Black community of Lincoln Heights, outside Cincinnati. She would travel often between Tennessee and Ohio, bound to her parents and to her maternal grandparents in her 69制片厂制作传媒渟piritual home69制片厂制作传媒� in Knoxville.

As a girl, she read everything from history books to Ayn Rand and was accepted to Fisk University, the historically Black school in Nashville, after her junior year of high school. College was a time for achievement, and for trouble. Her grades were strong, she edited the Fisk literary magazine and helped start the campus branch of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. But she rebelled against school curfews and other rules and was kicked out for a time because her 69制片厂制作传媒渁ttitudes did not fit those of a Fisk woman,69制片厂制作传媒� she later wrote. After the school changed the dean of women, Giovanni returned and graduated with honors in history in 1967.

Giovanni relied on support from friends to publish her debut collection, 69制片厂制作传媒淏lack Feeling Black Talk,69制片厂制作传媒� which came out in 1968, and in the same year she self-published 69制片厂制作传媒淏lack Judgement.69制片厂制作传媒� The radical Black Arts Movement was at its height and early Giovanni poems such as 69制片厂制作传媒淎 Short Essay of Affirmation Explaining Why,69制片厂制作传媒� 69制片厂制作传媒淥f Liberation69制片厂制作传媒� and 69制片厂制作传媒淎 Litany for Peppe69制片厂制作传媒� were militant calls to overthrow white power. ("The worst junkie or black businessman is more humane/than the best honkie").

69制片厂制作传媒淚 have been considered a writer who writes from rage and it confuses me. What else do writers write from?69制片厂制作传媒� she wrote in a biographical sketch for Contemporary Writers. 69制片厂制作传媒淎 poem has to say something. It has to make some sort of sense; be lyrical; to the point; and still able to be read by whatever reader is kind enough to pick up the book.69制片厂制作传媒�

Her opposition to the political system moderated over time, although she never stopped advocating for change and self-empowerment, or remembering martyrs of the past. In 2020, she was featured in an ad for presidential candidate Joe Biden, in which she urged young people to 69制片厂制作传媒渧ote because someone died for you to have the right to vote.69制片厂制作传媒�

Her best known work came early in her career; the 1968 poem 69制片厂制作传媒淣ikki-Rosa.69制片厂制作传媒� It was a declaration of her right to define herself, a warning to others (including obituary writers) against telling her story and a brief meditation on her poverty as a girl and the blessings, from holiday gatherings to bathing in 69制片厂制作传媒渙ne of those big tubs that folk in chicago barbecue in,69制片厂制作传媒� which transcended it.

"and I really hope no white person ever has cause

to write about me

because they never understand

Black love is Black wealth and they'll

probably talk about my hard childhood

and never understand that

all the while I was quite happy"

In a story published Dec. 10, 2024, about the death of Nikki Giovanni, The Associated Press erroneously reported the name of her debut collection on a subsequent reference. It is 69制片厂制作传媒淏lack Feeling Black Thought.69制片厂制作传媒�