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Measles is a highly contagious disease. Here's what you should know about how to protect yourself against measles, as well as what's happening in Texas and New Mexico.

Where are measles spreading?

The West Texas cases are concentrated in Gaines County, which has 57 infections, and Terry County, north of Gaines, where there are now 20 confirmed cases.

Dawson County, to the east of Gaines, was new to the count with six. Yoakum County has four and Lubbock, Lynn and Ector counties have a case each.

Texas state health department data shows the vast majority of cases are among people younger than 18: 26 in kids younger than 4 and 51 in kids 5-17 years old. Ten adults have measles and three cases are 69制片厂制作传媒減ending69制片厂制作传媒� an age determination. The Ector County Health Department told the its case was in a child too young to be vaccinated.

State health officials have said this outbreak is Texas' Health department spokeswoman Lara Anton said last week that cases have been concentrated in a 69制片厂制作传媒渃lose-knit, undervaccinated69制片厂制作传媒� Mennonite community 69制片厂制作传媒� especially among families who attend small private religious schools or are homeschooled.

In New Mexico, all of the cases are in Lea County, which borders Gaines County in Texas. The state health department has said people may have been exposed at a grocery store, an elementary school, a church, Nor-Lea Hospital and a Walgreens in Hobbs, New Mexico.

What is measles?

Measles is a respiratory virus that can survive in the air for up to two hours. Up to 9 out of 10 people who are susceptible will get the virus if exposed,

Most kids will recover from the measles if they get it, but infection can lead to dangerous complications like pneumonia, blindness, brain swelling and death.

Is the vaccine safe?

Yes, the (MMR) vaccine is safe and highly effective in preventing measles infection and severe cases of the disease.

The first shot is recommended for children between 12 and 15 months old and the second between 4 and 6 years old. The vaccine series is required for kids before entering kindergarten in public schools nationwide.

Before the vaccine was introduced in 1963, the U.S. saw some 3 million to 4 million cases per year. Now, it69制片厂制作传媒檚 usually fewer than 200 in a normal year.

There is no link between the vaccine and autism, despite a now-discredited study and .

Why do vaccination rates matter?

In communities with high vaccination rates 69制片厂制作传媒� above 95% 69制片厂制作传媒� diseases like measles have a harder time spreading through communities. This is called 69制片厂制作传媒渉erd immunity.69制片厂制作传媒�

But childhood vaccination rates have declined nationwide since the pandemic and more parents are claiming religious or personal conscience waivers to exempt their kids from required shots.

The U.S. saw , including an outbreak in Chicago that Five years earlier, measles cases were the worst in almost three decades in 2019.

Gaines County has one of the highest rates in Texas of school-aged children who opt out of at least one required vaccine, with nearly 14% of K-12 children in the 2023-24 school year. Health officials say that number is likely higher because it doesn69制片厂制作传媒檛 include many children who are homeschooled and whose data would not be reported.

What are public health officials doing to stop the spread?

Health workers are hosting regular vaccination clinic and screening efforts in Texas, as well as working with schools to educate people about the importance of vaccination and offering shots.

New Mexico health officials are also hosting several vaccination clinics in Hobbs next week.

The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute69制片厂制作传媒檚 Science and Educational Media Group and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.